Wednesday, December 2, 2015

Chromogranin A is a disease-driving auto-antigen in type I diabetes

Type I diabetes is autoimmune disease leading to destruction of insulin-secreting endocrine β islets in pancreas and glucose intolerance. NOD mouse strain represents well established model of human type I diabetes. So far, researchers identified several potential auto-antigens targeted by self-reactive T cells, out of which so far only mutation in insulin B chain (B:9–23) showed effect on disease progression.


First, the authors showed that β islets of NOD.ChgA-/- could not activate ChgA-specific T cell clones in an in vitro assay (reactivity to other auto-antigens insulin and IAPP was intact).

Importantly, the authors showed that NOD.ChgA-/- mice were completely protected from development of diabetes [measured as excess of glucose in urine samples].

Finally, the authors showed that NOD.ChgA-/- mice showed minimal β islets inflammation (insulitis) but developed comparable salivary gland inflammation (sialitis), implying that Chromogranin A effect was strictly β islets selective.


In summary, this study showed that at least Chromogranin A is necessary and sufficient for development of diabetes in NOD mice. Still, it is puzzling that NOD.ChgA-/- mice is protected from diabetes when they still expressed another dominant auto-antigen insulin [because earlier study showed that NOD ins1-/- ins2-/- mice were protected from diabetes development too]. If both auto-antigens are "priming epitopes" then both NOD.ChgA-/- and NOD ins1-/- ins2-/- mice should have developed diabetes. Strange.

David Usharauli


1 comment:

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