A physiological T cells' "weaning reaction" to microbiota and solid foods in newborn pups requires FOXP3+ Tregs

1. "weaning reaction" is described as a #physiological CD4+ T cell response to to #microbiota+solid #foods in mouse pups that occurs between 2-4 weeks after birth measured by analysis of #TNF-alpha and #IFN-gamma levels. It does not occur in #germfree pups devoid of microbiota. pic.twitter.com/pSGWXOUBoC

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 21, 2019

3. More importantly, however, #microbiota exposure between 2-4 weeks after birth but not later could restore #physiological "#weaning reaction" in T cells in #germfree pups. #tolerance #immunology pic.twitter.com/9KUtk3MT7R

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 21, 2019

5. Interestingly, "weaning reaction" in #newborn pups were dependent on presence of gut residing RORgt+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). #tolerance pic.twitter.com/s1nq2HPShK

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 21, 2019

2nd Correction (#6): giving #SCFAs to #antibiotic-treated newborn pups could prevent #inflammation later. It appears this effect of SCFAs requires #Tregs and #microbiota (it does not work in GF pups) that provides #antigens to Tregs to keeps them in #functioning state. pic.twitter.com/2ewMoDRobh

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 21, 2019

This suggests that the effect of SCFAs is mediated via Tregs and that artifically generated "weaning reaction" with SCFAs without proper Treg contribution (driven by microbiota and their antigens) is not optimal.

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 21, 2019

β-synuclein specific CD4+ T cells invade brain grey matter to cause array of MS-like symptoms

β-synuclein specific CD4+ T cells invade #brain grey matter and cause array of MS-like #symptoms in a rat model of human #MultipleSclerosis. Interestingly, the most useful distilled data points were in suppl materials. #immunology #autoimmunedisease https://t.co/NbIt5ijxuR

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 5, 2019

highlights from paper
2. Such exclusive invasion of brain grey matter were primarily correlated by pattern of #antigen (β-synuclein) expression. #autoimmunedisease #immunology pic.twitter.com/1r9ROgtTDV

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 5, 2019

Some thoughts: here the authors have used either WT or transgenic rat expressing β-synuclein-specific T cells. Diseases were induced either following direct immunization of transgenic rats or adoptive transfer of activated β-#synuclein-specific T cell blasts. #immunology

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 5, 2019

Con't: immunologists have fairly good idea about processes that represent immune response but at presently it is still unknown how immune response is #initiated naturally or how it is #stopped. This is Achilles heels of current experimental models in #immunology.

— David Usharauli (@3DiMMUNE) March 5, 2019